კონფერენცია

∘ Lali Khikhadze ∘
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL-ENERGY SYSTEM: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICE FOR GEORGIA

Summary

The current financial, energy and ecological crisis in the world has completely changed the imagination on the future of development of fuel-energy. Civilized humanity has convinced that 4-5 decades later we will deal with the principled resources, and in ecological point of view we will have difficulties in their use. Therefore, it became necessary for countries to implement policy of energy saving, fuel resource depletion makes orientation on new energy repairing sources, the use of which can slow down the inefficient spending of natural energy resources, along with it the energy safety and fuel and energy policy today is the actual and a severe problem for the whole world.

For today the energy balance of the world is allocated as following: 36% - on oil consumption, 28%- on natural gas, 18%- on coal, 14%- on hydro resources, 3% - on nuclear power and 1% - on non-traditional energy resources. The intensive use of organic fuels causes the growth of heat and global warming on The Earth, and these sources belong to the exhaustible and non-renewable category, so soon or later we will have to replace with alternatives (renewable resources). Besides, it should be taken into account that annual oil production in the world is 3.4 billion tones, if we consider that the world's oil reserves are estimated at 140 billion tonnes. In the long-term perspective prices will be sharply rising on oil and the danger will be set on exhausting oil supplies, as oil supplies will be sufficient for 40-50 years in view of modern extraction. Natural gas extraction is 2-3 trillion m3, forecast indicators suggest that the share of natural gas consumption will reach to maximum by 2030, which indicates to the price increase and reduction of natural gas reserves.

The dynamics of the development of the fuel- energy system in the modern world indicates the beginning of a new phase that is characterized by partial transition on the use of renewable sources (alternative) of energy from traditional energy (coal, oil, natural gas and other) consumption.

Keywords: Georgia's fuel-energy system, renewable resources, organic fuels, hydropower, geothermal waters, solar, wind, biomass resources, ecological balance, global warming, energy policy of developed countries.

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics International Scientific C O N F E R E N C E S "ECONOMY – XXI CENTURY"

E ISSN 2587 - 4691	∘ Lali Khikhadze ∘ ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUEL-ENERGY SYSTEM: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICE FOR GEORGIA Summary The current financial, energy and ecological crisis in the world has completely changed the imagination on the future of development of fuel-energy. Civilized humanity has convinced that 4-5 decades later we will deal with the principled resources, and in ecological point of view we will have difficulties in their use. Therefore, it became necessary for countries to implement policy of energy saving, fuel resource depletion makes orientation on new energy repairing sources, the use of which can slow down the inefficient spending of natural energy resources, along with it the energy safety and fuel and energy policy today is the actual and a severe problem for the whole world. For today the energy balance of the world is allocated as following: 36% - on oil consumption, 28%- on natural gas, 18%- on coal, 14%- on hydro resources, 3% - on nuclear power and 1% - on non-traditional energy resources. The intensive use of organic fuels causes the growth of heat and global warming on The Earth, and these sources belong to the exhaustible and non-renewable category, so soon or later we will have to replace with alternatives (renewable resources). Besides, it should be taken into account that annual oil production in the world is 3.4 billion tones, if we consider that the world's oil reserves are estimated at 140 billion tonnes. In the long-term perspective prices will be sharply rising on oil and the danger will be set on exhausting oil supplies, as oil supplies will be sufficient for 40-50 years in view of modern extraction. Natural gas extraction is 2-3 trillion m3, forecast indicators suggest that the share of natural gas consumption will reach to maximum by 2030, which indicates to the price increase and reduction of natural gas reserves. The dynamics of the development of the fuel- energy system in the modern world indicates the beginning of a new phase that is characterized by partial transition on the use of renewable sources (alternative) of energy from traditional energy (coal, oil, natural gas and other) consumption. *Keywords:* Georgia's fuel-energy system, renewable resources, organic fuels, hydropower, geothermal waters, solar, wind, biomass resources, ecological balance, global warming, energy policy of developed countries.